In order to address this problem, changes must be made at both the institutional and individual level. On one hand, governments should review current electoral laws and make sure they are consistent with democratic ideals. For example, research by Norris shows that countries with compulsory voting tend to have higher turnout among all age groups than those without it[3]. Furthermore, adopting easier methods such as Internet Voting could make it easier for young Canadians who live abroad or move frequently due to work or study obligations [4]. Additionally, introducing pre-registration before election day would allow citizens aged 16-17 years old to register ahead of time so when they become eligible voters on election day they already know where their polling station is located [5].

On the other hand there needs to be more effort from individuals themselves towards engaging political leaders with topics relevant to them. This could be done through social media campaigns encouraging young people to participate in elections or through initiatives like Student Vote which help educate students about how democracy works[6][7] . Additionally programs such as ‘Young Citizens’ support local student councils across Canada so they can create engaging activities related around civic engagement[8]. These types of initiatives provide opportunities for younger generations not just learn about politics but also give them the chance engage directly with their representatives on issues relevant their own lives [9]

In conclusion, while many factors contribute towards declining youth voter numbers in Canada there are solutions available which if implemented will go a long way in making sure youngsters do not disengage from our democracy any further. Governments should implement meaningful policy reforms such as compulsory voting or pre registration which reduce barriers preventing citizens from casting ballots while individuals need take greater initiative towards learning about politics engaging politicians on matters important them . Therefore by taking these steps we can ensure future generations understand why participating elections matters and feel confident enough partake active role within our democracy

References:
[1] André Blais et al., “Turnout Decline Over Time”, Electoral Studies 28 (2009), pp 436–447 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2009.01..003 Accessed 20 March 2021
[2] Nicole Goodman & Michael McGregor , “Youth Voting Behaviour During Federal Elections”, Canadian Parliamentary Review 30 (2007). http://www2e_guelphca/cmcguire/CPR/CurrentIssuesinCanadianPolitics/GoodmanMcGregor_2007pdf Accessed 20 March 2021
[3] Pippa Norris,”Compulsory Voting: Its Consequences for Public Opinion Formation” International Political Science Review 23 (2002): 191–210 DOI 10 1111 0199–1714 20020042 00022x Accessed 20 March 2021e
[4] Daniel Stockemer , “Internet Voting’s Impact on Voter Turnout Levels – Evidence From Switzerland” Journal Of Information Technology & Politics 9 (2012):137 – 150 DOI 10 1080 15228843 2012 790819 Accessed 20 March 2021
[5] Elections Canada ,”Fact Sheet -Preregistration System Pilot Project” 2019 https://wwwecpcelectionscaenfactsheetpreregistrationaspx Accessed 23 April 2020