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Explain in your own words the logic of statistical significance and give an example to illustrate your answer.
Statistical significance is a measure of how likely it is that a given result is true, rather than simply due to chance. It is calculated by looking at the probability of getting an outcome of the same magnitude or greater if no real effect exists in the population being studied.
For example, if you wanted to know whether taking vitamin C reduces colds, you could survey 1000 people who take vitamin C and 1000 people who don’t. If you found that 60% of those taking Vitamin C reported fewer colds compared to 40% of those not taking it, there would be statistical significance: The difference between the two groups was unlikely to have occurred due to chance alone.