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Why was the period from 800 to 200 BCE in Afro-Eurasia known as the “Axial Age”? Provide examples to justify this historical classification. Include comments on chapter maps and images that relate to your answer
The period from 800 to 200 BCE in Afro-Eurasia is known as the “Axial Age” due to the major religious and philosophical developments that occurred during this time. This period saw the emergence of several influential traditions, including Confucianism, Daoism, monotheistic Judaism, Christianity, Hinduism, Buddhism and other related philosophies. Through these new ideas, individuals were able to think more deeply about their own lives and engage in new forms of personal reflection and spiritual exploration.
This period also saw significant political changes and social transformations that helped shape many aspects of later world civilizations. The increased need for centralized states led to a rise in monarchical power throughout Afro-Eurasia. Political structures such as the empires of Athens and Rome emerged during this time along with other great powers like Persia and India’s Mauryan Empire. These empires encouraged greater interconnectivity between societies which helped facilitate even further cultural exchange.
The maps included in Chapter 8 help illustrate how these shifts impacted both physical geography (elements such as terrain features) as well as human geography (the movement of people). For example, one map shows how trade routes connected cultures across Eurasia while another illustrates how Alexander III’s conquests shaped modern day nation boundaries across North Africa and Asia Minor. The images included throughout Chapter 8 provide visual evidence for some of these broader changes; they show representations of important figures from various Axial Age religions along with artwork depicting different belief systems (such as religious symbols or temple architecture). Together these maps and images give us a comprehensive understanding of why this era was known as the “Axial Age”.