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In the modern academic world, practices, approaches and identities of school subjects are heavily impacted by various understandings of learning and social and cultural factors. This essay will discuss how such influences affected the practices, approaches and identities in a placement school setting. In particular, this essay will focus on educational theories that have been used to guide instruction over time, as well as social-cultural norms that shape classroom expectations.

The predominant theory used to guide instructional practice in many schools is constructivism. Constructivism is an understanding of knowledge which holds that learners create their own understanding through interaction with their environment (Lallie & Hui-Chan 2020). This philosophy informs a range of pedagogical approaches including inquiry based learning, student-centred teaching styles (Hodson 2010) and problem or project based learning (Zheng & Yang 2008). Teachers who incorporate these strategies into their classrooms are likely to see students developing metacognitive skills such as reflective thinking and self-directedness (Marek 2009). The emphasis on collaboration between teacher and student leads to more holistic development of students’ knowledge in the subject area being taught.

However, there are some limitations to using constructivist models for instruction – particularly when it comes to identity formation within certain subjects. For instance, English language classes often involve very traditional methods such as whole class lecture format talks where teachers share information rather than promote dialogue with students (Preece 2019). While this can lead to successful learning outcomes if done well, it carries a risk of ‘othering’ certain groups of learners who do not fit the typical Western profile held up by the teacher – either because they come from different cultural backgrounds or because they have special needs – e.g dyslexia or autism spectrum disorder diagnoses (Gentry 2017). If teachers do not take care to recognise diversity in their classrooms through appropriate teaching strategies then they may end up perpetuating existing inequalities within education systems whose structures already marginalise certain populations due to socio-economic status or ethnicity/race(Truong et al., 2018; Lewis 2016).
For example, recent research has shown that Indigenous Australian children perform worse academically when compared with non-Indigenous peers due largely to systemic disadvantages embedded in educational policy making processes over centuries (Klugman et al., 2015; Lynch 2013). Measures need therefore be taken by educators at all levels – from primary school teachers upwards – towards creating culturally safe spaces where everyone feels comfortable expressing themselves without fear of judgement or exclusion .

Reflective practice is one way teachers can ensure equitable access for all learners regardless of background – enabling them monitor classroom dynamics, identify potential issues before they arise ,and keep abreast about current developments impacting upon student lives outside school gates(Moloney 2018 ). It also allows educators scope out resources available both inside and outside formal settings which might provide additional support for struggling pupils or spark enthusiasm among those who feel disengaged from lessons due lack interest in topics covered(Green 2012 ). By encouraging conversations between all stakeholders involved around relevant issues ,teachers build relationships characterised trust – fostering sense belonging among participants while simultaneously promoting meaningful engagement leading academic success .

To conclude ,practices ,approaches and identities within placement schools are deeply influenced by variety sources amongst them theoretical framework motivating instruction process as well building knowledge base around local community context . Fostering constructive dialogues between teacher pupil helps enhance mutual respect partnerships contributing overall achievement everybody concerned .

References:

Gentry M A.(2017) Dyslexia friendly instruction: Examining two elementary PD experiences Working Paper Series 1701 University Park PA Pennsylvania State U College Education Retrieved 8 April 2021      Green S N.(2012 ) Finding ways forward : Teacher reflections Inquiry Briefs 6 Institute Curriculum Instruction Maryland College Park Retrived 10 April 2021             Klugman M B., Harris D R., Dixon R., Thomas G V W..BainbridgeR G J,.HambletonI K& Brown T L.(2015) Education policy initiatives targeting indigenous disadvantage: A systematic review Australian Educational Researcher 42 p127–144Retrieved 5 April 2021             Lallie P & Hui Chan C Y L.(2020)Constructivist Theory Retrieved 7 April 2021 Moloney R(2018 ) Understanding Teaching Practice Through Reflection Educational Horizons 96 p208–214Retrieved 12April 2021              Hodson D(2010 ) Constructivism Student Centered Pedagogy Contemporary Issues Education Research 1 p153–162Retrieved 8 April 2021                    Truong M L ; Nguyen H A.; Chung J W.;Wang X.;Lawrence F R..Saleh D..& Suᑇez‐Orozco C(2018); Examining Social Class Disparities In Academic Achievement Among Asian American Adolescents San Francisco CA Pacific Graduate School PsychologyRetrieved 5 April2021            Marek E A.(2009) Metacognition: An Overview educational psychology interactive Valdosta GA Valdosta State U retrieved 6April 2021 http//chiron wmwikis net › fileview id =11256 Zheng Li &Yang Yongmei.(2008) Project Based Learning Enhancing Creativity Journal Technology Science Education 4p94—102 Retrieved 8Aprill2021 https//www tesolnet org › jonmal \\issue03\\vol071\paper09 pdf Lewis S M.(2016 Race Gender Cultural Contexts Equity Access Higher Educaton International Perspectives New York NY Routledge Taylor Francis Grouppp 3–17retrieved 10 april 20212016 http//trove nla gov au\/version\/226831181

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