example Q1 A researcher wished to examine group differences in height (recorded in cm) for athletes from five
different sports: basketball, football, rugby, hockey and baseball. The sample consisted of 80 individuals, with
16 athletes in each group. The researcher analysed the data using a oneway between-groups ANOVA.
(i) What are the independent and dependent variables? How many levels does the independent variable have?
(ii) Explain in full why the test chosen by the researcher to analyse the data is appropriate.
(iii) Complete the five missing entries (indicated with a question mark) in the ANOVA table below. Use two
decimal places for MS (mean square) and F.
(iv) What do the ANOVA results indicate with respect to the Type of Sport IV?
After ANOVA, the researcher performed follow-up exploratory t-tests comparing each sporting group with every
other sporting group with height as a DV. The table of means for each group and the results of each t-test are
given in Output 1.
(v) What was the purpose of the follow-up tests?
(vi) The researcher compared the p-values from each t-test against a significance threshold of .005 in order to
determine which t-tests were significant. Can you explain why they used this significance criterion and how
they might have arrived at such a figure?