1. Briefly describe in your own words one line of evidence for R-US associations, S-R associations, and S-(R-US) associations.
2. Give a brief explanation of the differences between molar and molecular theories of reinforcement. Provide an example of data supporting each.
3. Recall De Waal’s harsh criticism of the use of food or water deprivation as motivators in studies of animal learning (from, e.g., chapter 2 of Are We Smart Enough To Know How Smart Animals Are?); how would one use dual-system theories of motivation to rebut De Waal’s criticism?
4. Is it possible for classically a conditioned association to make the jump to serving as a CS in an instrumental learning scenario? Why or why not?
5. Although KÃhler’s study with Sultan the chimpanzee has been considered a landmark in the field of animal cognition and a key finding in support of the idea of insight in non-human primates, there are some problems with that study and its interpretation. What are they?