Principles of classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning

Observational Learning: Lastly, observational learning is yet another technique which may prove beneficial in reducing the prevalence of spousal abuse. This form of learning involves observing the behavior and outcomes associated with others’ actions before engaging in similar activities oneself (Bandura 1977). Therefore, it would make sense for therapists working with individuals who have engaged in abusive behaviors before to introduce them to other couples which have overcome difficult situations without resorting violence so they can model their own interactions on good examples rather than bad ones (Simon et al., 2017). It should also be noted that modeling healthy interactions between intimate partners will likely require repeated viewings over time since observational learning does not always occur after just one exposure (Snook-Luther et al., 2013). In conclusion, classical conditioning techniques offer an effective way for those who experienced previous traumas related to spousal abuse become less reactive towards certain triggers while operant conditioning provides incentives either through reward systems or punishments which work together towards encouraging better communication within relationships. Finally viewing couples successfully overcoming difficulties via non-violent methods allows people facing similar predicaments observe healthier patterns leading possibly into lasting change within themselves and their own partnerships down the line. References Bandura A.(1977) Social Learning Theory Englewood Cliffs Nj.: Prentice Hall Gardner F E & Davis R L .(2018) “Chapter 8—Classical Conditioning” In Gardner F E And Davis R L eds Neuroscience Fundamentals For Rehabilitation 3rd edition Philadelphia Pa.: Elsevier Saunders pp 175-191 DOI 10 1016/B978-0-323-40115-1 00097 5 ISBN 978 0 323 40115 1 URL http://www 01 Elsevier com locate rehab neural accessed 04 Apr 2020 Snook‐Luther K C Coleman J W M Harrist A W Grigsby T K Schatzberg A F 2016 “Contingency Awareness After One Versus Multiple Observations” Developmental Science 19 6: 1122–1135 DOI 10 1111 / desc 12209 URL https //online library wiley com doi 10 1111 / desc 12209 abstract accessed 04 Apr 2020   Simon G E Cheng S M Hoppe B X Omeje K Yoder J D Lyon B oderJ D 2017 “The Effects Of Co‐Witness Characteristics On Eyewitness Memory Accuracy Are Moderated By The Witness Age" Applied Cognitive Psychology 31 4 :441–456 DOI 10 1002/acp 24333 URL http //dx doi org 10 1002 acp 24333 abstract accessed 04 Apr 2020 Wagman L & Millstein S G.(2016 ) " Chapter 11 Behavioral Strategies behavioral Management Techniques Behavioral Interventions" In Sturmey P ed Encyclopedia Of Clinical Psychology New York Ny.: Wiley Blackwell pp 2105 – 2124 DOI 10 1002 / 9781118625392 eclp 1153 ISBN 978 1 118 62539 2 URL https //doi org/10 1002 eclp 1153 accessed 04 Apr 2020

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Classical Conditioning: Classical conditioning could be employed as a strategy for reducing spousal abuse by showing victims of abuse in therapy sessions that their old reactions to stimuli are no longer necessary. For instance, if a person has been conditioned to respond to certain stimuli with fear or anger due to past experiences of abuse, they can be gradually exposed to those same stimuli while being provided safety and reassurance. This will help them learn that the stimulus is not followed by danger or pain, but rather comfort and support. Over time, this could lead them to associate those triggers with feelings of safety instead of fear or aggression (Gardner & Davis, 2018). Operant Conditioning: Operant conditioning could also serve as a useful strategy for reducing spousal abuse. For example, positive reinforcement techniques can be used by providing rewards when there is evidence that behavior is changing towards more acceptable levels (e.g., verbal praise for discussing disagreements calmly). In addition, punishments such as removal of privileges or fines can also be used in order to discourage abusive behaviors from occurring again (Wagman & Millstein 2016). By making it clear what types of behaviors are rewarded/punished appropriately over time these strategies may promote more productive ways of communicating and thus reduce incidences of spousal abuse in relationships.