Medical clinics participate in the testing of drugs that are still in the experimental stage

Some medical clinics participate in the testing of drugs that are still in the experimental stage. In such situations the Food and Drug Administration stipulates that the physician must explain to the patient the nature of the drug, its possible benefits, and the element of risk in using it. In certain situations, however, physicians may decide not to provide those explanations. The number of their patients may be so large that they feel they cannot spare the time to do so, or their patients may be generally uneducated and therefore likely to be confused by details. Explain whether Lipkin would think either of these reasons justify a physician's withholding explanation and why or why not. Can you think of any other reason that would justify withholding explanation? Why or why not?