Improving Productivity

Labor productivity is sometimes perceived to be driven by employee motivation. Fully outline and support effective ways to motivate hourly employees vs. salaried managers. If productivity of these workers is below expectation, what are good and poor ways to try to motivate them? What methods might work well with blue collar employees but not white collar employees, and vice versa? What methods might work well in the short run but not in the long run, and vice versa?