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Discuss, in depth Hemorrhagic stroke, the following
-Pathophysiology of disease
-clinical manifestations
-Evaluation (diagnostics)
-Treatment (pharmacological and non-pharmacological) +400 words include references
Hemorrhagic stroke, also known as intracerebral or intracranial hemorrhage, is a type of stroke caused by bleeding within the brain. It occurs when a weakened blood vessel ruptures and bleeds into the surrounding brain tissue. The most common cause of hemorrhagic stroke is high blood pressure (hypertension), which causes damage to the walls of small vessels in the brain, weakening them and making them more susceptible to rupture. Other potential causes include head trauma, certain medications (such as anticoagulants), cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), vascular malformations, aneurysms, or vasculitis. In addition, factors such as excessive alcohol consumption and smoking increase one’s risk for developing hemorrhagic stroke.
The pathophysiology of this disease involves bleeding from a disrupted vessel that can spread throughout various parts of the brain depending on its location; if it occurs in deep parts of the brain then it may not be detected until larger amounts have built up causing increased intraventricular pressure leading to edema or herniation which can quickly become fatal if not treated immediately . The amount of damage incurred depends largely on how much blood has been released and where it goes: if it dries in surrounding tissue then there is less movement but more inflammation while if it reaches other areas then there is increased pressure leading to secondary effects like swelling or hydrocephalus. Also important are clotting mechanisms typically activated at sites injury which could worsen the situation by blocking off pathways that could potentially reduce symptoms through removal/drainage processes such as those done during surgery or endovascular intervention techniques like thrombectomy procedures used for acute ischemic strokes..
Clinical manifestations associated with hemorrhagic strokes vary depending upon severity however they generally involve neurological deficits due to neural tissue death in affected areas ranging from mild confusion and difficulty speaking/understanding language all way up to paralysis/loss motor control over various body parts along with complete consciousness loss resulting coma-like states requiring ventilator support systems. Common signs may also include seizures; headaches; nausea; vomiting; neck stiffness; sensory disturbances including vision changes (e.g., double vision); weakness on one side of your face/body ; numbness affecting one side only ; speech problems ; balance issues and decreased alertness/confusion . These symptoms usually appear abruptly rather than gradually progress over time so medical attention should be sought out immediately once any signs begin manifesting themselves since delayed diagnosis can lead worse outcomes overall including permanent disability even death due medical complications arising afterwards such as increased intracranial pressure caused by swelling occurring around dead cells left behind after initial event itself thus eating away at oxygen supply needed keep surviving neurons functioning properly plus additional risks posed by presence foreign bodies e g clots formed inside damaged vessels leading formation superficial hematomas elsewhere nearby structures
Evaluation for possible hemorrhagic strokes should start right away when someone exhibits any kind symptom related condition discussed above getting checked out even before definitive diagnosis made doing so increases chances survival Fortunately modern advances medicine allow us detect these types events much easier now days thanks development tools like computed tomography CT scans magnetic resonance imaging MRI ultrasounds Doppler studies angiograms etc These technologies able provide detailed pictures inner workings brains allowing physicians diagnose locate source problem faster more accurately order assess extent damages Depending specific situation team doctors might required take decisions terms best treatment option respective patient s conditions age coexisting conditions etc
Treatment options available depend largely upon extent damages inflicted patient body Pharmacological treatments often involve administration antiplatelet drugs antihypertensive agents anticoagulants aspirin heparin warfarin calcium channel blockers etc help decrease risk future events Non pharmacological interventions include surgical techniques thrombolytic therapy endovascular embolization mechanical clot retrieval catheter based methods stereotactic radiosurgery laser ablation balloon occlusion aneurysm clipping coils fibrinolysis among many others purpose reducing size preventing rebleeding helping restore normal flow circulation Ultimately effectiveness chosen course action will depend case particular each individual person their unique needs goals prognosis Nevertheless hope remains that through proper diagnosis early treatment patients able recover least part normal lives despite still dealing long term consequences brought about devastating experience