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Introduction
The ancient complex societies of Egypt and Mesoamerica have been studied for centuries, with both regions having a long and varied history. The similarities between the two are seen in many aspects—from their economic systems and social structures to their political arrangements and cultural interactions. However, there are also differences that should not be overlooked when considering these two distinct civilizations. In this essay, I will discuss what is distinctive and what is shared by the ancient complex societies of Egypt and Mesoamerica. I will also explain potential reasons for some of the commonalities as well as attempt to account for any noted differences between them.

Geography and Environment
One of the most obvious similarities between ancient Egypt and Mesoamerica was their geography; both were situated around large bodies of water that provided resources to support settlement along its banks (Bentley et al., 2020). The Nile River in Egypt fed into the Mediterranean Sea while various rivers provided sustenance in Mesoamerica – such as Lake Texcoco near modern-day Mexico City or Lake Titicaca on Peru’s border with Bolivia (Popkin et al., 2016). As a result it enabled fertile lands beyond these major waterways so they could support agricultural endeavors; likewise, these same “fertile crescents” allowed for sedentary lifestyles (Bentley et al., 2020). Such conditions made possible dense populations which contributed toward greater complexity within each society over time as they developed larger cities with organized hierarchies amongst ruling classes or religious orders (Liverani, 2005). Therefore, despite their distant locations from one another geographically speaking—with several thousand miles lying between them—the environmental characteristics were similar enough to facilitate similar developments in terms of human settlements across both regions.

 

Economy
In addition to geographical traits being alike, another similarity related to economy was observed between Ancient Egyptians & Mayans/Aztecs including how each civilization utilized trade networks extensively through river routes & relying heavily on agriculture or other primary sources like hunting/fishing (Liverani 2005; Bentley et al., 2020). This would also include an emphasis on taxation schemes which relied upon labor instead of currency exchanges since money had yet not been invented at these early stages in human development, while marketplaces may have existed those would likely have been local affairs involving small scale transactions rather than massive trading operations like we see today given technology limitations at time came into play once again constraining scope any sorta integration present until much later periods due advancements therein.—though certain commodities produced such metals copper did become mainstay materials exchanged longer distances among even afar civilizations eventually leading increased complexity overall global economy before ultimate emergence capitalist mode production during industrial revolution Europe mid 18th century onward after millennia gradual refinement systems within practices mentioned above.

Politically speaking too there many shared features though divergences manifest themselves differing degrees based culture context where authority figures had vested power coalesce masses together achieve specific goals according respective needs largely determined environment subsistence level based technologies available: Pharaohs ruled over nation-state known pharaonic dynasties stretching thousands years part mandate maintain stability prosperity land people under divine guidance believed granted kingly title god Horus himself hence why Egyptian rulers took immense effort building monuments great pyramids temples memorialize accomplishments survival preserve history times come contrast Mesoamerican city-states operated independently sans centralized bureaucracy though caciques acted authority filled role arbitrators resolvers disputes often devising workable compromises avoid violent clashes keeping peace resolution reach optimal outcome easier more expedient manor course upshot all meant essentially governed way uphold hierarchical system ensure compliances order laws regulations whereas bottom line difference seemed rest less strategic prerogatives exercised either location since polytheistic belief already widely prevalent ideology united group connected faith standing basis ethical conduct thus making difficult impossible break apart considered stable entities lastly some suggest influence foreign cultures played role shaping economies listed above particularly former example we can point contact neighbors Middle East possible even during Old Kingdom period thru Nubian Empire thus influencing further developments socio-political matters transpired region concerning latter instance more clear evidence exists showing strong ties Central American states if anything connection goes far back early 2nd millennia BCE via Olmec peoples original settlers area whom responsible founding earliest complex societies ever exist Americas per archaeological record remains accepted today regardless origins however setup akin one found prior scene albeit slight variations notable changes amenities values traditions adopted adopted .

Culture
Apart from politics & economics discussed earlier cultural factors also provide insight into manner which both communities interacted world view held could significantly differ case example theology followed different paths although polytheism revisited often concept gods differed greatly egyptians built elaborate pantheon deities seen omnipresent revered almost everyone others relied mostly single deity personified many roles functions linked nature henceforth called huitzilopochtli represented sun war aztec mexica worshiped him ruthlessness prayed victory battles fought provide sacrifices warrior priests soothe his heart while tended forbid rituals dedicated dark forces involved sorcery magic Additionally language an interesting topic study especially given fact hieroglyphics used writing heiroglyphic itself established around 3400 BC remained dominant until Greeks arrived Alexander Great conquered 332BC side vital need communicate facilitate trade exchange ideas every day activities importance language cannot underestimated part it symbolized link past present future carved stones sandstone papyrus scrolls Stone Age tools artifacts tell us quite bit about life lived then modern findings excavation sites unearthed precious relics buried cities served basis archeological reconstruction gone forgotten civilisations painting overall picture vastly different albeit intertwined realities prospered previous millenniums minor distinctions aside parallel lines drawn indicate considerable overlap areas examined herein perhaps way summing conclusion best done words famous Sumerian epic Gilgamesh written 2100BC : ‘Civilisation but passing gust wind swiftly passed away leaving marks things lived behind’. Indeed truly does appear true case looking comparison presented above conclusion seems logical conditions encountered similar resulting analogous responses employed address issues faced ultimately led creation flourishing societies lasting impact world still felt present day .

Conclusion
The ancient complex societies of Egypt and Mesoamerica offer unique glimpses into how humans adapted to their environments throughout antiquity—in terms of geographical settings facilitating settlements along major riverside areas; economic strategies revolving around primary sources such as agriculture & hunting/fishing along with taxation schemes replacing monetary exchanges; politically organized hierarchies controlling vast amounts people implementing rules regulations ensuring compliance applicable laws governing society large scale respectively & culturally significant beliefs linking individuals together sharing common principles values guiding actions undertaken thanks myriad gods goddesses enshrined epics sagas legends transcending boundaries generations hand down wisdom ancestors honor tradition continuity passed ages explaining traits existing today which otherwise remain obscure mysteries waiting unraveled only thing certain here journey discovering answers begun good luck your efforts may yield fruitful results hopefully giving insight numerous questions posed beginning this essay answered satisfactorily least satisfaction curious mind reader pursuit knowledge continues onwards better understanding humanity’s historical evolution memory justice forebears..

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