How and why did civilization develop in the ancient Near East?
Civilization developed in the ancient Near East because of favorable geography and natural resources. The ancient Near East was located at the crossroads between Africa and Europe, placing it at a strategic trading location that allowed for an increase in trade, communication, and cultural exchange between different societies. In addition, the region had abundant water sources from both rivers like the Tigris and Euphrates as well as rain-rich areas;
this enabled early hunter-gatherers to transition into farmers who could grow crops year round. Finally, most of the area is naturally arid or semiarid which prevented too much competition over resources among different cultures while also providing some level of protection against foreign invasion or attack. All of these factors made it possible for civilizations to form in the ancient Near East with cities developing around temple complexes or civic centers.