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Give three examples of common biases and a description of each acculturation strategies for adaptation. +500 words, include references , citation format is APA
1. Confirmation Bias: Confirmation bias is a cognitive bias in which an individual discounts or ignores information that does not agree with their preexisting beliefs and preferences, instead seeking out evidence to support what they already think (Gigerenzer et al., 1999). Acculturation strategies for adaptation include attempting to be open-minded about new information, always considering the source of any incoming data before accepting it as truth, listening actively to all views presented by others, and never assuming one’s own perspective is automatically correct.
2. Groupthink: Groupthink is a phenomenon in which group members sacrifice their individual opinions and dismiss alternate points of view in order to maintain the cohesion of the group (Janis & Mannesmann, 1977). Adaptive acculturation strategies involve fostering an environment where everyone can express their opinion without fear or judgement; encouraging critical thinking skills among all members; avoiding making decisions based solely on consensus alone; promoting healthy skepticism about other people’s ideas; and emphasizing the importance of challenging each other’s ideas in order to come up with better solutions.
3. Stereotyping: Stereotyping is the process of forming judgments based on preconceived notions about a group or individual without taking into consideration full context or additional facts (Dovidio et al., 2010). Strategies for adapting to this form of bias include recognizing biases when they occur, consciously trying not to treat individuals differently due to stereotypes, appreciating diversity and understanding how different cultural backgrounds can add value when working together as a team, being aware of language use so as not to inadvertently reinforce existing prejudices or stereotypes, and using active listening skills when communicating with someone who has different experiences than one’s own.
References
Dovidio JF , Kawakami K , Johnson C , Johnson B , Howard AA . (2010). On the Nature of Prejudice : Automatic Vs Controlled Processes . Psychology Press . Gigerenzer G ,Todd PM , ABC Research Group . (1999) Simple Heuristics That Make Us Smart . Oxford University Press Janis IL & Mann L .(1977) Decision Making : A Psychological Analysis Of Conflict Risk And Ambiguity Oxford University Press