Essay 1:
Discuss the historical evolution of public administration in the United States. What developments, events, and persons have served as forces for change? Consider our political traditions and the changing conceptions of the role of government and public bureaucracy. Include how government and public administration perspectives have evolved and how differing views continue to be a source of continuing conflict. How do you describe the current condition? What trends do you see for the future?

Essay 2:
Discuss the characteristics of an effective organization. How do its structure and management practices affect organizational success? Discuss the elements that contribute to an effective organization, such as leadership, organizational structure, trust, and motivation. To what extent do personal attitudes, values, and behaviors of administrators affect their performance?